全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2230篇 |
免费 | 446篇 |
国内免费 | 106篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 718篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 119篇 |
综合类 | 12篇 |
数学 | 116篇 |
物理学 | 1806篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 58篇 |
2022年 | 78篇 |
2021年 | 119篇 |
2020年 | 116篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 87篇 |
2017年 | 135篇 |
2016年 | 136篇 |
2015年 | 101篇 |
2014年 | 216篇 |
2013年 | 152篇 |
2012年 | 156篇 |
2011年 | 131篇 |
2010年 | 135篇 |
2009年 | 145篇 |
2008年 | 126篇 |
2007年 | 133篇 |
2006年 | 123篇 |
2005年 | 85篇 |
2004年 | 67篇 |
2003年 | 71篇 |
2002年 | 49篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 48篇 |
1999年 | 41篇 |
1998年 | 41篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2782条查询结果,搜索用时 625 毫秒
51.
Jochen Rau 《Physics letters. A》2012,376(4):370-373
In quantum state tomography, one potential source of error is uncontrolled contact of the system with a heat bath whose detailed properties are not known, and whose impact on the system moreover varies between different runs of the experiment. Precisely these variations provide a handle for reconstructing the system?s effective relaxation dynamics. I propose a pertinent estimation scheme which is based on a steepest-descent ansatz and maximum likelihood. After reconstructing the relaxation dynamics, the original quantum state of the system can be constrained to a curve in state space. 相似文献
52.
Dr. Christoph Ludwig Teske Dr. Anna-Lena Hansen Prof. Dr. Richard Weihrich Prof. Dr. Lorenz Kienle Marius Kamp Kasper Pieter van der Zwan Prof. Dr. Jürgen Senker Dr. Carsten Dosche Prof. Dr. Gunther Wittstock Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Bensch 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(27):6763-6772
A new preparation route is developed for the synthesis of needle-like crystals of [Au(S2CNH2)2]SCN, which avoids disproportionation of the AuI salt used as a starting material. In the crystal structure, the two crystallographically independent AuIII centers are in a square-planar environment of two S2CNH2 ligands. The Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals the presence of noncovalent intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅S interactions, which are essential for the spatial arrangement of the molecules. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations including dispersion and damping corrections result in a unit cell volume very close to the value determined experimentally. Thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere generates black needles with lengths of up to 500 μm. X-ray powder diffraction and pair distribution function analyses demonstrate that the needles are composed of nanosized crystals with a volume-weighted average domain size of 20(1) nm. According to results of X-ray photoemission experiments, the black needles are covered by a nitrogen-rich carbon nitride with composition near (CN)2N. 13C solid-state NMR investigations indicate that two different carbon species are present, with signals corresponding well to heptazine units as in melon and triazine units as in poly(triazin imide) type compounds. Scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography evidences that the needles are composed of slightly elongated nanoparticles. 相似文献
53.
Kazuhisa Sato Shunya Tashiro Shuhei Matsunaga Yohei Yamaguchi Takanori Kiguchi Toyohiko J. Konno 《哲学杂志》2018,98(21):1945-1960
We have studied three-dimensional (3D) structures and growth processes of 14H-type long-period stacking order (LPSO) formed in Mg97Zn1Gd2 cast alloys by single tilt-axis electron tomography (ET) using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. Evolution of the solute-enriched stacking faults (SFs) and the 14H LPSO by ageing were visualised in 3D with a high spatial resolution in multi-scale fields of views from a few nanometres to ~10 μm. Lateral growth of the solute-enriched SFs and the LPSO in the (0?0?0?1)Mg plane is notable compared to the out-of-plane growth in the [0?0?0?1]Mg direction. The 14H LPSO grows at the cost of decomposition of the (Mg, Zn)3Gd-type precipitates, and accompany a change of in-plane edge angles from 30 to 60°. We have updated the Time–Temperature–Transformation diagram for precipitation in Mg97Zn1Gd2 alloys: starting temperatures of both solute-enriched SFs and LPSO formation shifted to a shorter time side than those in the previous diagram. 相似文献
54.
It was studied the effect of ultrasonic processing (22 kHz) of the aqueous suspension of metakaolin, sodium hydroxide and alumina with a molar ratio 2Al2Si2O7:12NaOH:2Al2O3 on the low-modulus zeolite synthesis processes. To investigate the XRD, SEM, IR, EDS had been used. It was shown that after ultrasonic processing, sodium aluminates are formed, what leads to a change in process of further synthesis. It was found that without ultrasonic processing on the stage of thermal treatment at 650 °C, SOD zeolite (|Na6|[Al6Si6O24]) and sodium aluminosilicate (Na6Al4Si4O17) are synthesized. In the sample after ultrasound during thermal treatment, only sodium aluminosilicates of cubic syngony (Na6Al4Si4O17 and Na8Al4Si4O18) are formed. It was demonstrated that sodium aluminosilicates are precursors for the formation of LTA zeolite (|Na12|[Al12Si12O48]). As a result zeolitization of sodium aluminosilicates after the hydrothermal crystallization in alkaline solution, the sonicated sample contained 97 wt% LTA. Without ultrasonic processing, the product of synthesis contained 50 wt% SOD and 40 wt% LTA. 相似文献
55.
目的研究连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛对断指再植术后再植指血流动力学的影响,探讨其缓解血管痉挛、增加血流量的可行性。方法将60例急诊行断指再植术患者按随机数字表法分为术后连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛组(CA组)和对照组(NA组),每组30例。观察两组患者再植指术后血管痉挛、血管栓塞和指体坏死发生例数并计算再植指成活率,记录两组术后即刻(T1)、术后24h(T2)再植指固有动脉血流动力学参数及动脉内径(AD)、远指端血氧饱和度(SpO2)和温度(Ts)变化。结果断指再植术后成活率CA组高于NA组,血管痉挛、血管栓塞和指体坏死发生率CA组均低于NA组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在T2时CA组各项血流动力学参数、AD、SpO2、Ts均高于NA组,阻力指数(RI)低于NA组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论术后连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛可以缓解再植指固有动脉痉挛,增加指体血流量,提高了断指再植的成功率。 相似文献
56.
This paper deals with ultrasound medical image processing, particularly to filter the noise while preserving the edges and
structures of information. The mathematical processing consists in solving by a numerical way a nonlinear evolutive boundary
value problem. Several numerical semi-implicit time marching schemes are considered and analyzed. At each time step, parallel
synchronous or asynchronous Schwarz alternating methods are used to solve the linear system and its convergence is studied.
Lastly, the results of sequential and parallel simulations are presented.
相似文献
57.
58.
中枢多巴胺系统与多种神经行为障碍的病理生理学有关。一直以来,多巴胺系统正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)成像在研究活体大脑中多巴胺生物化学过程上有着重要价值。PET成像的基础是11C、18F等发射正电子的放射性核素标记的显像剂,这些显像剂通过与多巴胺神经系统不同的靶点特异性结合从而反映多巴胺合成、囊泡储存、突触释放和受体结合以及再摄取过程,推动神经病学、精神病学、药物滥用和成瘾以及药物开发的研究进展。本文综述了以氨基酸脱羧酶、多巴胺转运体、多巴胺受体以及囊泡单胺转运体为靶点的11C、18F标记的PET显像剂的研究进展。 相似文献
59.
Determination of Pd,Rh, Pt,Au in road dust by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with slurry sampling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry coupled with ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization (USS-ETV-ICP-MS) has been applied to determine Pd, Rh, Pt and Au in 0.5% m/v slurries of several road dust samples. 2% m/v ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) was used as the modifier to enhance the ion count. The influence of instrument operating conditions, slurry preparation and interferences on the ion count was reported. This method has been applied to the determination of Pd, Rh, Pt and Au in BCR 723 Road Dust and NIST SRM 2709 San Joaquin Soil reference materials and two road dust samples collected locally. The analysis results of the standard reference materials agreed with the certified values. Precision between sample replicates was better than 10% for all the determinations. The method detection limits estimated from standard addition curves were 0.9, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.4 ng g−1 for Pd, Rh, Pt and Au, respectively, in original dust samples. 相似文献
60.
This work describes the dielectric properties of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) thin films in the frequency and temperature ranges relevant for usual applications. We measured the isothermal dielectric relaxation spectra of commercial piezoelectric PVDF thin films between 10 Hz to 10 MHz, at several temperatures from 278 K to 308 K. Measurements were made for samples in mechanically free and clamped conditions, in the direction of the poling field (perpendicular to the film). We found that the imaginary part of the dielectric relaxation spectra of free and clamped PVDF samples is dominated by a peak, above 100 kHz, that can be characterized by a Havriliak-Negami function. The characteristic time follows an Arrhenius dependence on temperature. Moreover, the spectra of the free PVDF samples show two additional peaks at low frequencies which are associated with mechanical relaxation processes. Our results are important for the characterization of piezoelectric PVDF, particularly after the stretching and poling processes in thin films, and for the design and characterization of a broad range of ultrasonic transducers. 相似文献